Explosion bonded plate is a new type of composite material, which is made of two layers of metal plate welded by explosion. This material has high strength, high toughness and excellent protective performance, and is widely used in the military, aerospace, automotive and construction fields. It can be welded and performed at large area. The two layers of metal plates can be the same metal or different metals. One metal plate can be welded in a "cover" way to another metal plate. During production process, explosive quantity is much more important, which explodes in a safety environment. During the explosion welding process, the explosion produces high temperature and high pressure to make the two metal plates to quickly squeeze into each other and form chemical bonding. At the same time, due to the inertia and recoil force of the explosion byproduct, a very uniform interface is formed between the two metal plates, and there are a large number of microstructural defects on the interface.
These microstructural defects include dislocations, twinning, grain boundaries and so on. They have important effects on both the mechanical properties and the protective properties of the materials. For example, the dislocation can increase the plastic deformation ability of the material, the twinning can improve the toughness and fracture toughness of the material, and the grain boundaries can effectively block the expansion of cracks.
a. The Explosion Bonded Clad Plate is the metal clad plate produced by the explosive bonding method. It owns core advanced benefits as followings:
The Explosion Bonded Clad Plate does not change the chemical compositions and physical states of the original materials.
The Explosion Bonded Clad Plate's combined surface is in a wave structure condition, its binding strength and tensile strength are stronger. Other technology can’t reach its effect.
The Explosion Bonded Clad Plate is hard to separate or crack during the hot treatment, leveling, cutting, coiling, flow forming etc.
The Explosion Bonded Clad Plate thickness range is wider: The surface square is 6.45cm²~78.87m², its thickness is usually 1~30mm, and there are no specail limits for the base metal. Its total thickness for the stainless steel clad plate is more than one hundred mm, like clad tube sheets. There is no quantity limit.
The base metal is a carbon steel, cladding materials are other precious metals which can be two layers or more.
The explosive welding can make incompatible metals welded.
so the explosion bonded clad plate is advanced on its performances, especially anti-corrosion and wear resistance.
b. Explosion bonding is also called explosion welding that refers to a welding method which uses the shock wave to drive the metal movement, collide on the surface of the two metals, form a jet, remove the surface mask, and form a metallurgical connection under the action of the shock wave under the high pressure. The high energy rate processing technology released by the gunpowder explosion is used to realize the solid phase welding method.
In addition, explosion bonded clad plate owns special properties. For example, It can absorb shock wave and explosive energy to some extent and convert it into heat or mechanical energy, which makes it widely used in areas such as protective equipment and vehicles. The combination of aluminum and steel, the combination of titanium and steel are difficult to weld by conventional methods, even if special measures are taken, its welding quality is difficult to guarantee. But explosive bonding method is nicer for their combination.
The explosion welding method was proposed in the 1940s. More than a decade later, the explosion welding technology has been introduced into the industrial engineering.
| Feature | Specification |
| Manufacturing Process | Detonation of explosive to create metallurgical bond between base and cladding metal |
| Standard | ASTM B898 [ASTM B898 Standard Specification for Reactive and Refractory Metal Clad Plate] |
| Base Metal | Various steel grades (common: A516, A515, A266) |
| Cladding Material | * Wide variety of metals including: * Titanium (Gr1, Gr2, Gr7) * Nickel Alloys * Stainless Steel * Tantalum * Zirconium |
| Overall Thickness | 8 mm to 200 mm |
| Cladding Thickness | 2 mm to 25 mm |
| Plate Size | Up to 12 meters long, 5 meters wide (customizable depending on manufacturer) |
| Bond Strength | Extremely high, exceeding 400 MPa shear strength in many cases |
| Surface Finish | * Polished (ground) for cladding metal * As-rolled or blasted for base metal |
| Advantages | * Superior bond strength * Thick cladding layers possible * Wide variety of material combinations |
| Disadvantages | * High manufacturing cost * Limited size capabilities compared to roll bonding * No joining after cladding (due to explosive process) |
Oil and Gas Industry: Clad plates are used in the oil and gas industry for equipment such as pressure vessels, heat exchangers, and pipelines. They offer corrosion resistance and strength required for harsh environments.
Chemical Processing: Clad plates are utilized in chemical processing plants for vessels, reactors, and columns where resistance to corrosion and high temperatures is essential.
Power Generation: In power plants, clad plates find applications in boilers, heat exchangers, and condensers where they provide resistance to corrosion and erosion at high temperatures and pressures.
Desalination Plants: Clad plates are used in desalination plants for components such as evaporators and condensers where corrosion resistance to saltwater is crucial.
Mining and Metallurgy: Clad plates are employed in mining and metallurgical processes for equipment like tanks, hoppers, and chutes, where abrasion resistance and strength are needed.
Shipbuilding: In marine applications, clad plates are utilized for ship hulls, decks, and offshore platforms, providing corrosion resistance in seawater environments.
Food and Beverage Industry: Clad plates find use in food processing equipment where hygiene, corrosion resistance, and durability are required.
Aerospace and Defense: Clad plates are employed in aerospace and defense applications for armor plating, ballistic protection, and structural components, providing lightweight and high-strength solutions.
Automotive Industry: Clad plates are used in automotive manufacturing for components such as heat exchangers, mufflers, and catalytic converters where corrosion resistance and strength are necessary.
Nuclear Industry: Clad plates find applications in nuclear power plants for reactor vessels and containment structures where resistance to radiation and corrosion is critical.
Explosion bonded clad plates combine the desirable properties of different metals, such as corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and cost-effectiveness. They are used in industries where these properties are critical, such as chemical processing, oil and gas, and aerospace.
Explosion bonding is distinct from other methods like roll bonding or weld overlay. It achieves a strong metallurgical bond without melting either metal, maintaining the properties of each metal layer.
A wide range of metals can be clad using explosion bonding, including stainless steel, carbon steel, nickel alloys, titanium, and zirconium, among others. This versatility allows for tailored material solutions for specific applications.
Explosion bonded clad plates are used in pressure vessels, heat exchangers, reactors, tanks, and piping systems where corrosion resistance, strength, and reliability are crucial. They are also used in structural applications requiring high strength-to-weight ratios.
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