The production method of explosion bonded clad plates involves placing a prepared cladding plate on top of the substrate, and then laying a layer of explosive on the cladding plate. Utilizing the instantaneous ultra-high pressure and ultra-high-speed impact energy generated by the explosion, solid-state metallurgical bonding between the metal layers is achieved. This bonding method results in a composite interface composed of a direct bonding zone, a melting layer, and vortices. Atomic diffusion occurs at the bonding interface, with severe plastic deformation and work hardening in the bonding zone.
Explosion bonded clad plates produced through explosive welding do not alter the original materials' chemical composition and physical state. The materials to be combined can be individually treated to achieve the desired optimal state according to actual needs.
The application performance of the explosion bonded clad plate is excellent. They can withstand cold and hot processing without altering the thickness ratio of the composite materials. The bonding strength of the composite materials is usually higher than the lower of the two combined materials, which other techniques cannot achieve.
During subsequent production processes such as heat treatment, leveling, cutting, rolling, spinning, etc., the composite materials will not delaminate or crack. In the carbon steel surface layer (near the interface layer) at room temperature and heat treatment at 550°C, severe deformation occurs, resulting in a fibrous structure and many small particles, with the core structure being ferrite plus pearlite. The stainless steel interface presents a second phase dot structure, and the core is a needle-like structure. However, in the carbon steel samples treated at 650°C, the small grain structure in the near-interface area disappears (indicating possible decarburization), the grains become coarser, the core structure remains ferrite plus pearlite, but no slip lines from structural deformation can be seen. In the stainless steel interface, a large number of small black particles appear, possibly in the form of chromium carbide particles after decarburization for titanium-steel composite plates. This brings together the advantages of different metal materials, significantly saving rare metal materials and thus reducing the production cost of equipment. Examples include aluminum/steel, lead/steel, titanium/steel, silver/copper, etc.
a. Explosion bonded clad plates are metal composite plates produced by explosive composite methods, featuring the following core advancements:
Explosion bonded clad plates do not change the chemical composition and physical state of the raw materials.
The bonding surface of explosion bonded clad plates exhibits a wavy structure, with higher bonding strength and tensile strength, effects that other processes cannot achieve.
During processes such as heat treatment, leveling, cutting, rolling, spinning, etc., explosion bonded clad plates are not easily separated or cracked.
Explosion bonded clad plates have a broader thickness range: surface area ranges from 6.45cm² to 78.87m², and thickness is usually between 1mm and 30mm, with no special restrictions on the base material. The total thickness of stainless steel composite plates can exceed one hundred mm, such as composite tube plates, with no quantity limitations.
The base material is carbon steel, while the cladding material is other precious metals, which can be two-layered or multi-layered.
Explosive welding can weld incompatible metals together.
Therefore, explosion bonded clad plates are advanced in terms of performance, especially in corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
b. Explosive composite, also known as explosive welding, refers to a welding method in which the shock wave drives the metals to move, causing collisions on the surfaces of two metals, forming a jet, and under the action of high-pressure shock waves, removing the surface mask and forming a metallurgical connection. It is a solid-phase welding method that utilizes the high energy release from the explosion of gunpowder.
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